美国最高法院最近对Roe诉Wade案作出裁决,Wade意见草案的公布引起了极大的震惊。
据英国人称,美国人将Roe诉Wade案的后果等同于第二次内战。
1972年，两位来自得克萨斯州的年轻女权主义者Sarah Widington和Linda 科菲试图挑战当时的堕胎条例。他们选了一位21岁的 想要堕胎的女士它被称为简罗。韦德当时是达拉斯县检察官
1973年1月22日,美国联邦高等法院决定7-2,确认妇女选择是否继续妊娠的自由受到关于个人自主和隐私的宪法规定的保护,从而使堕胎在美国合法化。
无注释原文：
What Would the End of Roe Mean? Key Questions and Answers.
The New York Times
A leaked Supreme Court draft opinion that would overturn Roe v. Wade describes a United States not seen in half a century, in which the legal status of abortion is entirely up to the states. If the draft, from February and published Monday night by Politico, ends up being similar to the court’s final opinion, expected next month, reproductive rights will be rewritten almost immediately.
If Roe were overturned, would abortion become illegal everywhere in the U.S.?
No. Individual states would decide whether and when abortions would be legal. Many states would continue to allow them, and some have even begun making provisions to help serve women who live in states that are likely to restrict abortion. Right now, abortion remains legal in every state.
Where would abortion access be most likely to change?
Abortion would probably become illegal in about half of states, although forecasts differ.
According to the Center for Reproductive Rights, a group that fights abortion restrictions in court and closely tracks state laws, 25 states are likely to ban abortion if they are allowed to. Those states are: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming.
The Guttmacher Institute, a research group focused on reproductive health care, says a slightly different group of states is likely to substantially limit abortion access: Its list of 26 states excludes North Carolina and Pennsylvania, but includes Florida, Iowa and Montana.
Thirteen states have so-called trigger laws, which would immediately make abortion illegal if Roe were overturned. Some have old abortion laws on the books that were invalidated by the Roe decision but could be enforced again. Still other states, like Oklahoma, have abortion bans that were passed during this legislative session, despite the Roe precedent.
How would the number of U.S. abortions change?
Some women seeking abortions could obtain them in other ways, including traveling to a state where abortion is legal or ordering pills online from outside the country. Texas provides an example. In September, a law went into effect banning abortion after fetal cardiac activity is detected, around six weeks. Abortions at Texas clinics fell by half. But many women were able to obtain abortions in neighboring states or by ordering pills, resulting in an overall decline of only around 10 percent.
Without Roe, abortion would probably decline more because women would have to travel farther to reach a state where it was legal. Many women who get abortions are poor, and long travel distances can be insurmountable. The states likely to ban abortion are concentrated in the South, Midwest and Great Plains. Because of the expected increase in interstate travel, remaining clinics would most likely have less capacity to treat the women who were able to reach them.
Research from December on the estimated changes in distances to clinics found that, if Roe were overturned, the number of legal abortions would be likely to fall by around 14 percent (updated to 13 percent in more recent research). Our article from December explained that research and offered a map of where abortions were likely to decline the most.
Who has abortions now?
Under current law, around one in four American women would be expected to obtain an abortion at some point, according to research from the Guttmacher Institute.
They include women from all backgrounds. But statistics show women who receive abortions in the United States are more likely to be unmarried; to be in their 20s; to have low incomes; and to already have a child. They are disproportionately likely to be Black. They are more likely to live in a Democratic-leaning state.
Our article from December describes the demographics of the typical abortion patient.
Without Roe, how would the U.S. compare with the rest of the world?
The United States would join a very small group of countries that has tightened abortion laws in recent years, as opposed to loosening them. Three countries have done so since 1994: Poland, El Salvador and Nicaragua. In that period, 59 countries have expanded access, according to the Center for Reproductive Rights.
Under Roe, the United States is unusual in allowing abortion for any reason until around 23 weeks. Yet in many countries with earlier cutoffs, abortion is allowed for a wide variety of reasons, according to the center.
Sixty-six countries ― home to about a quarter of women of reproductive age ― prohibit abortion or allow it only if a woman’s life is in danger. Without Roe, certain states would align with these countries.
Our article from January explains international approaches to abortion law.
When would this happen?
Not right away. Abortion remains legal in every state for now, and each has at least one clinic.
The leaked document was described as a draft, not a final opinion. It may be a month or more before the Supreme Court officially rules in the case, and that decision could differ from the draft that is circulating.
If the Supreme Court does rule against Roe, clinics in some states would most likely begin closing within days. In other states that ban the procedure, the process may take several months.
- ◆ -
请铭记中文文本是《纽约时报》的正式译本,不相等。
含注释全文：
罗伊决定意味着什么?重要的问题和答案。在罗伊·韦德决定中被推翻的是什么?这是最重要的问题。
The New York Times
A leaked Supreme Courtdraftopinion that wouldoverturnRoe v. Wade describes a United States not seen in half a century, in which the legal status ofabortionis entirely up to the states. If the draft, from February and published Monday night by Politico, ends up being similar to the court’s final opinion, expected next month,reproductiverightswill be rewritten almost immediately.
最高法院泄漏的裁决草案 将推翻Roe诉Wade案 抱歉 但我不确定你在说什么是关于一个50年来没见过的美国人各州独自负责确定堕胎的法律地位。2月撰写并于星期天晚上在Politico网站上发布的草案,如果与法院的最后裁决(预计下个月公布)相似,将在晚些时候发布。在美国生育的权利将很快重新解释。
draft
1) 表示“草稿;草稿;绘图”。写作、正常选择或最初形式的绘画,通常包括核心概念和影响,但不包括正在形成的形式:
This is only a rough draft - the finished article will have pictures too.
这只是一份初步草案;最后文章将包括一些图像。
Abraft是一股以不利的方式进入一个地点的空气风。
Blockdraftsaround doors and windows.
挡住门窗周围的风。
overturn
表示“（使）翻倒，(a) 翻转;(b) 翻转"当你们翻转任何物的时候,它就向上翻转,或倒在地上。
His conviction wasoverturnedby the Court of Appeal.
上诉法院推翻了对他的定罪。
即便如此,我们是否有足够的钱来推翻判决? 即使拿到证词，就真能推翻判决吗？
abortion
“堕胎(通常是外科手术)”是指“堕胎是外科手术。”人工流产”，如果母亲有解释,她会故意终止妊娠,以免婴儿生还。
He and his girlfriend had been going out together for a year when she hadan abortion.
他和女友在一起一年,当时她流产了。
reproductive
用英语来说,“生殖;生殖;生殖”是指“减少生殖过程”。
如果Roe诉Wade案被废除,如果Luo的裁决被推翻,美国是否会禁止堕胎?
No. Individual states would decide whether and when abortions would be legal. Many states would continue to allow them, and some have even begun makingprovisionsto help serve women who live in states that are likely to restrict abortion. Right now, abortion remains legal in every state.
不,我不会。 堕胎是否合法和在什么条件下堕胎由各州决定。 堕胎在许多州将继续合法,有些州已经开始做出支持生活在堕胎可能受到限制地区的妇女的安排。
provision
作为名词,这表示“(法律文件的)规定,短语,”是指“法律文书中的一项条件或协定”,其内容如下:
Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs.
根据租约条款,租户负责房屋的维修。
堕胎许可证最有可能在哪里改变? 堕胎许可证最有可能在哪里改变?
Abortion would probably become illegal in about half of states, although forecasts differ.
虽然预测不尽相同,但几乎一半的州可能禁止堕胎。
According tothe Center for Reproductive Rights, a group that fights abortion restrictions in court and closely tracks state laws, 25 states are likely to ban abortion if they are allowed to. Those states are: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming.
生殖权利中心是一个非营利组织,在法院与堕胎限制作斗争,并定期监测各州的法律。该中心表示，如果获得允许，25个州可能禁止堕胎。亚利桑那州、亚利桑那州、阿肯色州、佐治亚州、爱达荷州、印第安纳州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密歇根州、密西西比州、内布拉斯加州、北达科塔州、俄亥俄州、俄克拉荷马州、宾夕法尼亚州、南卡罗来纳州、南达科塔州、田纳西州、得克萨斯州、犹他州、西弗吉尼亚州、威斯康星州和怀俄明州也属于其中。
The Guttmacher Institute, a research group focused on reproductive health care, says a slightly different group of states is likely tosubstantiallylimit abortion access: Its list of 26 statesexcludesNorth Carolina and Pennsylvania, but includes Florida, Iowa and Montana.
古特马赫研究所是一个生殖健康研究所,它提供的清单略有不同。26个州的名单可能严重限制堕胎的提供,因为它将北卡罗来纳州和宾夕法尼亚州排除在外。但与佛罗里达州、爱荷华州或蒙大拿州不同
substantially
在很大程度上,英语被理解为意指:“在很大程度上”相当大程度上,英语被理解为:“在很大程度上”:
The new rules will substantially change how we do things.
新的限制将大大改变我们的工作方式。
exclude
(一) 排除某些事情不真实或不可能的可能性;
We can'texcludethe possibility that he is dead.
我们不能排除他不再活着的可能性。
2) 意指"酒吧.. 入住; 酒吧.."阻止某人或某物进入某地点或参与某项活动
Microbes must, as far as possible,be excluded fromthe room during an operation.
在程序进行期间,细菌尽可能不进入作业区。
孩子们,我引证你们 避开,排斥, 并排斥她 从今天的前面。奉劝你们离她远点，排斥她，从今天起与她隔绝。
Thirteen states have so-calledtrigger laws, which would immediately make abortion illegal if Roe were overturned. Some have old abortion lawson the booksthat wereinvalidatedby the Roe decision but could be enforced again. Still other states, like Oklahoma, have abortion bans that were passed during thislegislativesession, despite the Roeprecedent.
13个州使用触发器。如果罗罗案的裁决被推翻触发办法将使堕胎立即成为非法。若干州曾经存在堕胎法。这项裁决使这些法规违宪。但可以再次执行。还有一些州，如俄克拉何马州，不管裁决的法理如何然而,在本届议会会议期间,颁布了禁止堕胎的禁令。
be on the books
1) 在英语中,它的意思是“法律记录,特别是法律记录”:
A ban on texting while driving ison the booksin most states.
大多数州都明确禁止驾驶时使用移动电话的文本。
2)意指“名册上(对于公司、组织、协会、体育队等等)”;正在使用;属于..”。由公司解释,或(付费)加入一个论坛、社会性、港口团队等等。
There are 34 people on the books at the cement works.
水泥厂有34名注册工人。
invalidate
1)意指“无效;无效”。合法或合法地阻止纸质、抗议活动、法律等活动。”
错误的意思是“证明错误,等等“不正确”。
legislative
它以英文表示“法律;立法”,它被定义为“与法律或制定法律有关”:
The European Parliament will have greaterlegislative powers(= ability to make laws).
欧洲议会将获得更多的立法权力。
precedent
表示“先例，前例”，可用来为完善或作出基本行动或声明辩护的现有行动、情况或解释:
There are severalprecedentsfor promoting people who don't have formal qualifications.
在促进没有接受过正规学校教育的人方面,有多种例子。
堕胎的改变是什么意思?美国堕胎的数量会如何变化?
Some women seeking abortions could obtain them in other ways, including traveling to a state where abortion is legal or ordering pills online from outside the country. Texas provides an example. In September, a law went into effect banning abortion afterfetal cardiacactivity is detected, around six weeks. Abortions at Texas clinics fell by half. But many women were able to obtain abortions in neighboring states or by ordering pills, resulting in an overall decline of only around 10 percent.
一些想堕胎的妇女可以通过其他方式堕胎。这不是在法律管辖区进行堕胎的唯一办法。也许你可以在网上从其他国家购买药品。得克萨斯州就是一个很好的例子。9月，一项法律开始生效，在查明胎儿心脏活动后(怀孕约六周)堕胎是非法的。得克萨斯州的堕胎率已减半。然而,邻国的许多妇女可以堕胎。不仅仅是堕胎, 而是堕胎,堕胎,堕胎,堕胎,毒品。结果,堕胎总数减少了大约10%。
fetal
"如果一个孩子出生,胎儿=脚"胎儿的”，英文被译为“带有事实的概念;事实的特征”。考虑胎儿异常。
cardiac
“心脏病或心脏病”英文译为“心脏病或心脏病”。
Without Roe, abortion would probably decline more because women would have to travel farther to reach a state where it was legal. Many women who get abortions are poor, and long travel distances can beinsurmountable. The states likely to ban abortion are concentrated in the South, Midwest and Great Plains. Because of the expected increase in interstate travel, remaining clinics would most likely have less capacity to treat the women who were able to reach them.
如果没有罗案裁决，预计堕胎率将进一步下降。这几乎不是第一次 女士不得不去一个遥远的地方。进入合法堕胎的状态。许多堕胎妇女生活贫困。克服长途旅行问题可能具有挑战性。禁止堕胎的州以南部、中西部和大平原为中心。随着寻求帮助的妇女人数的增加,全州寻求援助的妇女人数预计将增加。仍然提供堕胎服务的诊所很可能无法从诊所接走妇女。
insurmountable
表示“难以克服的，不可逾越的”，一个不可逾越的问题是一个如此巨大的问题,以至于无法适当地处理它。”
Research from December on the estimated changes in distances to clinics found that, if Roe were overturned, the number of legal abortions would be likely to fall by around 14 percent (updated to 13 percent in more recent research). Our article from December explained that research and offered a map of where abortions were likely to decline the most.
去年12月，有些组织研究女性堕胎设施之间距离的估计变化。发现如果罗罗案的裁决被推翻预计合法堕胎数量将减少约14%(最新数字是最近研究的13%)。这份报纸的12月期报道了这项研究。还提供了显示堕胎率可能下降最多的地点的地图。
谁有新想法了 谁现在要堕胎?
Under current law, around one in four American women would be expected toobtain an abortionat some point, according to research from theGuttmacher Institute.
根据古特马赫研究所的数据,根据现行法律,几乎四分之一的美国妇女一生中在某个时候可能堕胎。
They include women from all backgrounds. But statistics show women who receive abortions in the United States are more likely to be unmarried; to be in their 20s; to have low incomes; and to already have a child. They aredisproportionatelylikely to be Black. They are more likely to live in a Democratic-leaningstate.
然而,数据显示,在美国,堕胎妇女更可能未婚、二十几岁、低收入和已经生育的孩子,她们也更可能居住在民主国家。
disproportionately
意思是“不相称、不相称、巨大(或太小)”,
The lower-paid spend adisproportionatelylarge amount of their earnings on food.
低收入者将大部分收入花在食品上。
leaning
英文的意思是“一个政党的观点、态度等等的集合”。
I don't know what his political leanings are.
我不熟悉他的政治倾向
Our article from December describes thedemographicsof the typical abortion patient.
我们的12月文章讨论了典型堕胎的人口统计。
demographics
这个项目是我们人权观察社特别报道的一部分。使用“人口;人口学;人口学”一语。英文译文“与人口统计和组成人口众多的群体有关”如下:
There have been monumental social anddemographic changes in the country.
国家的社会经济和人口状况发生了很大变化。
人口统计指出, "人口数据,人口统计结果”，居住在政党地区或加入政党团体的人数,特别是他们的年龄、拥有多少钱,以及他们如何使用钱财:
The demographics of the countryhave changed dramatically in recent years.
近年来,该国的人口统计发生了很大变化。
如果没有Roe,美国将如何运作? 与世界其他国家相比,有什么意义? 如果在Loo案中没有作出决定,那么美国与世界其他国家相比的立场是什么?
The United States would join a very small group of countries that hastightened abortion lawsin recent years, as opposed to loosening them. Three countries have done so since 1994:Poland,El SalvadorandNicaragua. In that period, 59 countries have expanded access, according to the Center for Reproductive Rights.
美国将加入近年来收紧而不是放松堕胎法的少数国家行列,自1994年以来,有三个国家已经这样做了,特别是波兰、萨尔瓦多和尼加拉瓜。 据生殖权利中心称,59个国家在此期间延长了生殖权利。
Under Roe, the United States is unusual in allowing abortion for any reason until around 23 weeks. Yet in many countries with earliercutoffs, abortion is allowed for a wide variety of reasons, according to the center.
美国很少允许以任何理由进行堕胎,直到怀孕23周左右(如罗奥案所确定 ) 。 但是,在堕胎门槛越早的许多国家,堕胎也由于若干原因得到批准,据该中心称,堕胎门槛越早越好。
cutoff
使用“终止(供应或服务);切断供应;切断供应”一语,子断线或服务断线是指该子断线或服务的完全终止。”
A total cutoff of supplies would cripple the country's economy.
全面停止供应将使该国经济陷于停顿。
Sixty-six countries ― home to about a quarter of women of reproductive age ― prohibit abortion or allow it only if a woman’s life is in danger. Without Roe, certain states wouldalign withthese countries.
有66个国家(全世界约四分之一的育龄妇女)禁止堕胎,或者只有在妇女生命受到威胁的情况下才允许堕胎。 如果没有对罗奥案的判决,某些州将与其他国家相同。
align
1) 表示“顺序;校准;(特别是) 产生直线。”理解Correl位置上的任何东西,或处于Correl位置上与其他东西的关系,特别是在一条直线上:
Make sure the shelfis aligned withthe top of the cupboard.
检查衣架是否与内阁的顶部平行。
轻轻地修改音频 让它在代码修改中变成其他音频
Priceshave been aligned withthose in world markets.
定价已根据国际市场进行调整。
Our article from January explains international approaches to abortion law.
我们1月的文章解释了全世界对堕胎法的处理方式。
何时会发生这种情况?何时会发生?
Not right away. Abortion remains legal in every state for now, and each has at least one clinic.
这不会很快发生。目前,堕胎在每一个州都是合法的, 而且每个州至少有一个设施。
The leaked document was described as a draft,not a final opinion. It may be a month or more before the Supreme Court officially rules in the case, and that decision could differ from the draft that iscirculating.
泄漏的文件被贴上草稿而不是最后裁决的标签,最高法院可能需要一个月或一个月以上的时间才能对案件作出正式判决,裁决可能不同于现在分发的圆形纸,可能与现在分发的圆形纸被贴上草稿而不是最后裁决的标签,最高法院可能需要一个月或一个月以上的时间才能对案件作出正式判决,裁决可能与目前分发的草案不同。
circulate
我不确定你在说什么 我只是说 如果你对任何事感兴趣举个：
Rumours began to circulateabout his financial problems.
有关他经济困境的谣言开始流传。
Larry Crowne在影片中说, “如果这种流言流传,
If the Supreme Court doesrule againstRoe, clinics in some states would most likely begin closing within days. In other states that ban the procedure, the process may take several months.
如果最高法院对Luo案作出裁决,某些管辖区的诊所很可能在几天内停止营业,在禁止这种做法的另一些邦,这种程序可能需要好几个月的时间才能达到最高法院对Luo案的裁决标准,而有些管辖区的诊所则可能在几天内停止营业,在禁止这种做法的另一些邦,这种程序可能需要好几个月的时间。
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